Category: Architecture and operations

High‑availability setups, backups and recovery, major/minor upgrade strategies, and Kubernetes/containers content.

Patterns for multi‑tenant SaaS, read scaling, partitioning, and observability/monitoring.

Architecture and operations Performance and tuning postgresql

PostgreSQL Connection Pooling in 2026: When to Use PgBouncer vs Built-In Pooling

Connection pooling is one of the fastest ways to fix a “slow” PostgreSQL-backed app without touching a single query. In 2026, most production stacks sit behind some mix of driver-level pooling, PgBouncer, and sometimes pgpool-II—but they’re not interchangeable. This post walks through how PostgreSQL handles connections, where pooling actually helps, and when you should reach […]

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Architecture and operations Performance and tuning postgresql

PostgreSQL Table Bloat Management: VACUUM FULL, pg_repack, and the Coming REPACK CONCURRENTLY

Table bloat is one of PostgreSQL’s most persistent operational challenges. It’s a natural byproduct of how PostgreSQL handles updates and deletes — old row versions (dead tuples) pile up inside heap files, wasting storage, degrading index efficiency, and slowing down queries. Left unchecked, bloat can double or triple the physical size of your busiest tables. […]

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